Reference

You should know

Things every African fat-tailed gecko keeper should understand — biology, natural history, husbandry, diet, breeding, and what to look for when choosing a morph.

Fat-tail facts, one at a time. 494 facts covering biology, natural history, husbandry, diet, health, breeding, morphs, and ownership. Each fact also has its own page in the info library.

Facts & husbandry

Importance

Showing 30 of 494 facts

  • Good to knowbiology

    The African fat-tailed gecko is Hemitheconyx caudicinctus

    The species was described by Duméril in 1851. The species name refers to the banded tail, and the animal belongs to the family Eublepharidae, the eyelid geckos.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Only two species make up the genus Hemitheconyx

    Besides the African fat-tailed gecko there is the Somali fat-tailed gecko, Hemitheconyx taylori, which comes from the Horn of Africa. The two are similar in shape but are not the same animal, and the African species is the one that dominates the pet trade.

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  • Importantbiology

    Fat-tailed geckos have true, movable eyelids

    Most geckos have a fixed transparent scale over the eye and cannot blink. Eublepharid geckos, including fat-tails, have working eyelids, which makes eye problems and retained shed around the eyes easier to see.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Fat-tailed geckos have vertical slit pupils

    In bright light the pupil narrows to a thin vertical line, and in the dark it opens wide. This is typical of nocturnal geckos and is one reason a fat-tail dislikes bright open basking spots.

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  • Importantbiology

    Fat-tails cannot climb glass

    They have no adhesive toe pads and rely on small claws instead. A smooth-sided enclosure is escape-proof for climbing, though a determined gecko can still scramble over decor stacked near the top.

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  • Importantbiology

    The fat tail stores energy, not water

    The plump tail works like a fuel tank. A well-conditioned adult has a tail about as thick as the widest part of its body, and a thin tail is one of the clearest early signs of illness.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    A fat-tail's tail is shorter and stouter than a leopard gecko's

    Wild-type fat-tails have a tail that looks like a small carrot or turnip. Leopard geckos have a longer, more tapered tail. This is one of the easiest ways to tell them apart.

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  • Importantbiology

    Fat-tailed gecko skin is smooth, not bumpy

    Leopard geckos have raised tubercles on the back. Fat-tails have smoother, finer skin with a velvety look and feel, which is another quick way to tell the species apart.

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  • Importantbiology

    A regrown tail looks different from the original

    The replacement tail is usually smoother, shorter, and more bulbous, and it often lacks the original banding. It is made of cartilage rather than bone and does not regain the exact shape.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Tail loss is a planned separation, not a tear

    The tail has fracture planes in its vertebrae, and muscles around the break close blood vessels almost at once. Bleeding is usually minimal, which is why the process is called autotomy.

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  • Importantbiology

    Adults typically reach about 7 to 9 inches in total length

    Males are usually larger than females. Size varies with genetics, feeding, and whether the tail is original or regrown.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Adult weight commonly falls between about 40 and 70 grams

    Males are usually heavier than females. Weight matters more than length for judging condition, so a monthly weigh-in gives a more useful picture than measuring.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Hatchlings are only a few grams

    A newly hatched fat-tail is usually about 3 inches long and weighs a few grams. They grow quickly in their first year if fed well.

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  • Importantbiology

    Males have larger heads and visible hemipenal bulges

    Adult males have broad, blocky heads and two bulges at the base of the tail. Females have narrower heads and a flatter tail base.

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  • Importantbiology

    Males have a row of pores in front of the vent

    A V-shaped or curved row of preanal pores is the standard visual sexing feature in fat-tails. Females lack pores or show only faint ones. Pores become easier to see as the gecko matures.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Wild-type fat-tails are banded brown and cream

    The natural pattern is a mix of brown tones with paler cream or white bands. Captive breeding has produced many other looks, but the banded pattern is the baseline.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Hatchlings show sharper contrast than adults

    Young fat-tails are often crisply banded, and the pattern can soften and shift as they mature. A hatchling's adult look can be hard to predict.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Fat-tails eat their own shed skin

    Eating shed recycles nutrients and removes evidence that a predator could follow. It is normal behaviour, not a sign of a deficiency.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Fat-tails are ectotherms

    They get their body heat from the environment. That is why the warm side, cool side, and belly heat matter so much: the gecko cannot digest food properly when it is too cold.

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  • Importantbiology

    Fat-tails are nocturnal or crepuscular

    Activity peaks around dusk and after dark. A gecko that sleeps most of the day is behaving normally, not showing depression or illness.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Fat-tails can make quiet sounds

    They can squeak, click, or chirp when startled or during interactions. Sounds are usually brief and are not a sign of pain on their own.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Geckos replace their teeth throughout life

    Like other geckos, fat-tails keep growing new teeth to replace old ones. This is why tooth problems are less common than mouth infections.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    You may see light through a fat-tail's ear openings

    The ear openings sit either side of the head and can look like a hole through the skull. This is normal anatomy.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Pale bulges near the jaw and neck can be calcium sacs

    Geckos store calcium in small chalky sacs. They are most visible in young growing geckos and in females producing eggs, and they are normal.

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  • Importantbiology

    Well-conditioned adults can go long stretches without food

    Because the tail holds a fat reserve, a healthy fat-tail can sometimes fast for weeks, especially in cooler months. The reserve is not an excuse to underfeed, and a shrinking tail means the reserve is running out.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Fat-tails share their eyelids with leopard geckos, banded geckos, and cave geckos

    All of these belong to the eyelid gecko family, Eublepharidae. Most other popular pet geckos, including crested geckos, lack movable lids and clean their eyes with the tongue instead.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Fat-tails lick their lips and nostrils with a broad tongue

    The tongue is wide, fleshy, and used to taste and clean the face. You may see it flick out after eating or during a shed.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Fat-tails have strong senses of smell and taste

    A gecko will often lick the air or surfaces before deciding whether something is food. This is why new insects sometimes get inspected for a long time.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    Their eyes are adapted for low light

    Geckos have a high proportion of light-sensitive cells and can see well in dim conditions. Bright overhead lighting can make them shy and less active.

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  • Good to knowbiology

    The two fat-tailed gecko species are separate from leopard geckos

    Hemitheconyx and Eublepharis both belong to the same family but are different genera. They can look similar, and keepers often confuse them.

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Morphs

A morph is a genetic variant producing a specific appearance. Fat-tail genetics are less standardised than leopard gecko genetics, so inheritance is listed the way breeders commonly describe it. Always ask the breeder for proof of the genetics, and choose a healthy animal over a rare colour.

Wild Type
also: Normal
Wildcommon

Brown body with cream or white bands — the natural colouration across the West African range and the baseline every other morph is compared with.

Albino
also: Amelanistic, Amel
Recessivecommon

Lacks dark pigment, giving a cream, orange, yellow, or pinkish body, often with pink or reddish eyes. One of the earliest and best-established fat-tail morphs. Care note: reduced pigment can make bright light uncomfortable, so provide dark hides and soft lighting.

Patternless
Recessive (as commonly listed)common

Lacks the usual banding, leaving a largely solid-coloured body, sometimes with faint markings. Breeders list it as recessive, so two visual patternless animals should produce patternless offspring.

Zero
Recessive (as commonly listed)uncommon

Reduces both pattern and pigment for a pale, ghostly grey or cream look. Usually listed as recessive; confirm the breeder's proofs before paying a premium.

Whiteout
Varies by line — verify with breederuncommon

A mostly white gecko, often with grey or pale markings. The name describes an appearance rather than one universally agreed gene, so ask how the trait is inherited in the breeder's line.

Oreo
Varies by line — verify with breederuncommon

A dark body with bold white bands. Different breeders use the name for slightly different looks, so compare photos of the parents.

Stripe
also: Striped
Varies by line — verify with breederuncommon

A pale stripe runs down the back instead of, or in addition to, the usual bands. A popular base for combinations such as the albino stripe.

Albino Stripe
also: Amel Stripe
Combouncommon

Combines the albino and stripe traits for a pale gecko with a clean dorsal stripe. Pale-morph lighting advice applies: soft light and dark hides.

Aberrant
Line-breduncommon

Irregular, broken, or asymmetric patterning rather than clean bands. Selectively bred, and the look varies a lot between lines.